This should really be a book-length discourse, and I may write such a book one of these days. First, however, I want to give you some of the highlights and begin to get my thinking in order.
At their cores, Judaism and Christianity are more similar than you might expect. Their appearances of course are different. After all, it is very much in the interests of leaders on both sides to proclaim how very right they are, which means that all others must appear to be wrong… and different.
Whom Do We Hear and See?
When dealing with this subject, there is a first obstacle that must be dealt with carefully… or else we’ll get a skewed picture of both religions. And the choice we must make is this:
To whom shall we pay more attention; to the leaders of the movements, who are few but loud, or to the simple believers, who are many but generally unheard?
It’s far easier to hear from the leaders. We have their writings and their endless disputes, after all. And in fact this is what has nearly always been done, a situation that has begun changing only in recent times.
However, as I see it, the average believers matter considerably more than the leaders. Granted, their voices are harder to hear, but they were always where the weight and mass of these religions lay. And their willingness to follow any particular leader or movement affected the ultimate shapes of these religions.
And fortunately for us, we do sometimes hear and see the average believers. If nothing else, we are told about them from the leaders of their religions as they complain (which they often do) that their followers aren’t following very well. We also find the average believers in the descriptions of outsiders and now in the archaeological record. A picture of these people is emerging.
Now, with that in mind, let’s proceed to the two religions.
Judaism Was Becoming Christianity Anyway
Most of us think of Judaism as being almost entirely law-based. But while this is true for a goodly number of modern, Orthodox Jews, it’s really something of a throw-back. Judaism had long been changing into what Christianity was to become. Here’s what I mean:
A passage from the prophet Micah:
With what shall I come before the LORD and bow myself before God on high? … with burnt offerings, with calves a year old?
He has showed you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to do justly, and to love kindness and mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?
One from Amos:
Though you offer me your burnt offerings and cereal offerings, I will not accept them… But let justice run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream…
And there are many others. What we’re seeing is Judaism moving away from laws and rituals and into purity of heart. In other words, it was moving directly toward Christianity.
Christians and Jews Intermixed
Here’s a fact that may shock you: Through at least the 4th century, Christians attended synagogues. We know this because it greatly irritated a famous Christian leader of the day, one John Chrysostom. This man complained at length about the fact that Christians were worshiping in synagogues and partaking of the Jewish festivals.
Furthermore, the first people who carried knowledge of Jesus to the Roman world (before St. Paul) were Jews and worshipped in synagogues along with other Jews. On top of that, it was standard procedure for Christians to identify as Jews, since it allowed them to stay within the exemptions that Rome accorded Jews. It insulated them from the wrath of Rome.
Again there is more to say but we’ll move on.
Through the Years and Now
Through the many centuries between 400 AD and today (and that’s a lot of condensing) Judaism’s concern was far less on doctrinal progress and far more on physical survival. And the founding of the state of Israel, less than 100 years ago, has further complicated things. But since Jews gained the status of “citizen” – first in the US, then France, and now in most places – we’ve seen movements, such as Reform Judaism, that focused on “what you are inside” rather than on keeping 613 laws. Even Orthodox Judaism moves that way frequently. After all, it’s in their book just the same as in the book of the Christians, and it’s the obvious line of human development… of human evolution.
How silly is it to pretend that you’re close to a loving and all-knowing God while harboring hate in your heart?
The Modern Differences
Many Jews remain convinced that Christians are their enemies… and not, we should admit, without cause. From the perspective of a modern Christian, this might seem misguided.
“The people who killed your ancestors,” they would say, “were blind sectarians and embarrassments to Christ.”
And while they too would be right, the children of the violated may not forget so easily.
On top of that, the voices of the various leaders can still be counted upon to accentuate the differences between the two religions. As can those who are devoted to doctrines rather than goodness of the heart.
And so, while the foundations of their beliefs (another big thing I flew past) are almost entirely the same… including most of the same stories… the window dressings of the two groups are purposely, and sometimes flamboyantly, made different.
But aside from a few excessive people on either side, Judaism and Christianity are far closer than might be comfortable for many people.
We might even imagine a happy future in which they begin coming back together, however slowly and hesitantly.
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A book that generates comments like these, from actual readers, might be worth your time:
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I just finished reading The Breaking Dawn and found it to be one of the most thought-provoking, amazing books I have ever read… It will be hard to read another book now that I’ve read this book… I want everyone to read it.
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Such a tour de force, so many ideas. And I am amazed at the courage to write such a book, that challenges so many people’s conceptions.
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There were so many points where it was hard to read, I was so choked up.
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Holy moly! I was familiar with most of the themes presented in A Lodging of Wayfaring Men, but I am still trying to wrap my head around the concepts you presented at the end of this one.
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“And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: GOD WAS MANIFEST IN THE FLESH….” (1 Timothy 3:16)
“For many [plural] deceivers are entered into the world, who confess not that JESUS CHRIST IS COME IN THE FLESH. This is a deceiver and an antichrist. Look to yourselves, that we lose not those things which we have wrought, but that we receive a full reward. Whosoever transgresseth, and abideth not in the doctrine of Christ, hath not God. He that abideth in the doctrine of Christ, he hath both the Father and the Son.
10 If there come any unto you, and bring not this doctrine, receive him not into your house, neither bid him God speed: For he that biddeth him God speed is partaker of his evil deeds.” (2 John 1:7-11)
Also John 14:6 and Acts 4:12.
Your opinion is yours. I think 2 John is a very questionable book, and I stand behind this:
“the voices of the various leaders can still be counted upon to
accentuate the differences between the two religions. As can those who
are devoted to doctrines rather than goodness of the heart.”
I stand by this:
“For many [plural] deceivers are entered into the world, who confess not
that JESUS CHRIST IS COME IN THE FLESH. This is a deceiver and an
antichrist. Look to yourselves, that we lose not those things which we
have wrought, but that we receive a full reward. Whosoever
transgresseth, and abideth not in the doctrine of Christ, hath not God.
He that abideth in the doctrine of Christ, he hath both the Father and
the Son. If there come any unto you, and bring not this doctrine,
receive him not into your house, neither bid him God speed: For he that
biddeth him God speed is partaker of his evil deeds.” (2 John 1:7-11)
Yes, on that I had little doubt.
I have a question…. I notice that Israel levies taxes to fund Jewish scholars, Hebrew schools, kibbutz and the poor, while Islamic states do the same to fund Imans, Muslim schools and the poor. The Christian faith clearly separates taxation supporting the poor, from charitable, voluntary contributions helping the poor, (although many Christians do not agree. ) America’s public schools, though tax funded are not limited to Christian instruction, instead supposedly non discriminatory instruction regarding every faith. Nor are Christian scholars supported by taxes.
I notice that Israel levy taxes to fund Jewish scholars, Hebrew schools, kibbutz and the poor, while Islamic state do the same to fund Imans, Muslim schools and the poor. The Christian faith clearly separates taxation supporting the poor, from charitable, voluntary contributions helping the poor, (although many Christians do not agree. ) America’s public schools, though tax funded are not limited to Christian instruction, instead supposedly non discriminatory instruction regarding every faith. Nor are Christian scholars supported by taxes.
Is the conflation of taxation with charity a misinterpretation of religious doctrine of all three religions, or is the Christian faith the only one differentiating taxation from charity, the other two requiring a politically imposed moral imperative, although taxing everyone, intentionally excludes those of other faiths from
tax funded benefits ?
Hi Jrrr,
All three mandate charity, but only Islam requires it in the way you note… and mainly because there is no such thing as a separation between church and state in the Koran.
Some Christian and Jewish leaders have grasped at the power of coercion to promote themselves, of course, but to support that model from their books requires some “creative theology.”
Charity, in both the Hebrew and Greek Bibles, is fairly clearly an obligation of the individual rather than the collective.
Thank you. “Creative theology” heh heh.
Thanks for this, I was looking forward to your perspective. Lots to think about here as usual. To be honest, I’m only more curious now- seems this subject just grows in complexity.
My pleasure. 🙂
Jews, in the final analysis, will become Christian. Old Testament prophecy says they will go through hell in a hand basket, but they, like the rest of the world, will Christ Jesus return in Glory, land on the Mount of Olives, and then proceed to destroy the people that have killed two thirds of the remain Jews. They then accept Jesus as the promised Messiah and regret their ancestors turning Him over to the Romans to be crucified. after that, no Jew will ever rebell against God or profane His name.